Text copy here. Notice that the strings of the names must be used consistently. Do not try to use combinations of caps etc.
This page is purposely very long, to be used in conjunction with Internal Links. It is a selection of various texts, keyed in from numerous sources.
Immigration is crucial to Canada's future - but not in the way that the country's political mainstream imagines. In this exclusive excerpt from "Who Gets In", published October 5, Toronto writer Daniel Stoffman argues that increased immigration is a panacea for ailments that do not actually exist. Best known as co-author of "Boom, Bust & Echo", the demographic forecast that became one of the biggest bestsellers in Canadian history, Stoffman has been writing about immigration since 1992, when he won an Atkinson Fellowship in Public Policy to study the subject.
(pages 27 to 29)
Uniform resource locator, or URL, is a fancy name for
address. It contains information about where a file
is and what a browser should do with it.
Each file on the Internet has a unique URL.
The first part of the URL is called the scheme. It tells the browser how to deal with the file that it is about to open. One of the most common schemes you will see is HTTP, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is used to access Web pages.
The second part of the URL is the name of the server, where the file is located, followed by the path that leads to the file and the file's name itself. Sometimes, a URL ends in a trailing forward slash with no file name given. In this case, the URL refers to the default file in the last directory in the path (which generally corresponds to the home page).
Other common schemes are HTTPS, for secure Web pages, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for downloading files from the Net; Gopher, for searching for information; News, for sending and reading messages posted to a Usenet newsgroup; Mailto, for sending electronic mail; and File, for accessing files on a local hard disk.
A scheme is generally followed by a colon and two forward slashes. Mailto and News are exceptions; these take only a colon.
Notice that the File scheme uses three slashes. That's because the host, which in other schemes goes between the second and third slashes, is assumed to be the local computer. Always type schemes in lowercase letters.
Absolute URLs
URLs can be either absolute or relative. An absolute URL shows the entire path to the file, including the scheme, server name, the complete path and the file name itself. An absolute URL is analogous to a complete street address, including the name, street and number, city, state, zip code and country. No matter where a letter is sent from, the post office will be able to find the recipient. In terms of URLs, this means that the location of the absolute URL itself has no bearing on the location of the actual file referenced - whether it is in a Web page on your server or on mine, an absolute URL will look exactly the same.
| File Name | Absolute URL (anywhere) | Relative URL in (in youarehere.html) |
| index.html | www.site.com/web/index.html | index.html | image.gif | www.site.com/web/images/image.gif | images/image.gif |
| data.html | www.site.com/info/data.html | .../info/data.html |
| homepage.html | www.remote.com/pub/homepage.html | none, use absolute |
| info.html | www.remote.com/bcn/info.html | none, use absolute |
To give you directions to my neighbour's house, instead of giving her complete address, I might just say "It's three doors down on the right". This is a relative address - where it points to depends on where the information is given from. With the same information in a different city, you'd never find my neighbour.
In the same way, a relative URL describes the location of the desired file with reference to the location of the file that contains the URL itself. So, you might have the URL say something like "show the xyz image that's in the same directory as the current file".
Thus, the relative URL for a file that is in the same directory as the current file (that is, the one containing the URL in question) is simply the file name and extension. You create the URL for a file in a subdirectory of the current directory with the name of the subdirectory followed by a forward slash and then the name and extension of the desired file.